葡萄子油及原花青素研究与开发利用   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

王辉宪  姜晖霞  王仁才  欧阳建文  熊兴耀 《果树学报》2005,22(5):542-547

综述了葡萄子油、葡萄子原花青素等天然产物的提取与保健作用的研究进展,原花青素的生物活性及药理研究的现状,葡萄子油成分分析方法和葡萄子,提取物中原花青素含量测定的方法;介绍了用超临界CO2萃取法制取高质量的葡萄子油和应用夹带剂提取葡萄子中的原花青素的方法。分析了葡萄子的综合开发的应用前景。  相似文献   

Biological and Physical Constraints on Maize Production in the Humid Forest and Western Highlands of Cameroon     

Z. Ngoko  K.F. Cardwell  W.F.O. Marasas  M.J. Wingfield  R. Ndemah  F. Schulthess 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(9):893-902

The aim was to identify biological and physical factors responsible for reducing maize yield in Cameroon. Two surveys were conducted in 137 fields in two agroecological zones in 1995–1997. In the Humid Forest (HF), Bipolaris maydis, Stenocarpella macrospora, Puccinia polysora, Rhizoctonia solani and soil fertility were factors that reduced maize production in 1995 and 1996. In the Western Highlands (WHL), Cercospora zeae-maydis, and the interaction between soil fertility and maize variety were the most important constraints to maize production in 1996. In 1997, C. zeae-maydis, S. macrospora, physiological spot and stem borer damage (Busseola fusca) were negatively related to ear weight. The combination of these biological factors (diseases and insects), and the physical parameter of soil fertility were responsible for reducing maize yield in these selected benchmarks of Cameroon. Maximum potential yield reductions were estimated at 68% due to B. maydis and 46% due to S. macrospora, respectively, in the HF in 1995. In 1996, maximum potential yield reductions in the HF were estimated at 34%, 41% and 30% due to S. macrospora, P. polysora and R. solani, respectively. In the WHL, C. zeae-maydis had the potential to cause a yield reduction of 79% in 1996. In the WHL in 1997, the interaction between C. zeae-maydis and B. fusca, stem diseases and the physiological spot caused potential reductions of 52%, 34% and 39%, respectively.  相似文献   

Sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves inoculated with ascospores or conidia at different temperatures and wetness durations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z. Karolewski  N. Evans  B. D. L. Fitt  A. D. Todd  A. Baierl 《Plant pathology》2002,51(5):654-665

In controlled environment experiments, sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae was observed on leaves of oilseed rape inoculated with ascospores or conidia at temperatures from 8 to 20°C at all leaf wetness durations from 6 to 72 h, except after 6 h leaf wetness duration at 8°C. The shortest times from inoculation to first observed sporulation ( l ₀), for both ascospore and conidial inoculum, were 11–12 days at 16°C after 48 h wetness duration. For both ascospore and conidial inoculum (48 h wetness duration), the number of conidia produced per cm² leaf area with sporulation was seven to eight times less at 20°C than at 8, 12 or 16°C. Values of Gompertz parameters c (maximum percentage leaf area with sporulation), r (maximum rate of increase in percentage leaf area with sporulation) and l ₃₇ (days from inoculation to 37% of maximum sporulation), estimated by fitting the equation to the observed data, were linearly related to values predicted by inserting temperature and wetness duration treatment values into existing equations. The observed data were fitted better by logistic equations than by Gompertz equations (which overestimated at low temperatures). For both ascospore and conidial inoculum, the latent period derived from the logistic equation (days from inoculation to 50% of maximum sporulation, l ₅₀) of P. brassicae was generally shortest at 16°C, and increased as temperature increased to 20°C or decreased to 8°C. Minimum numbers of spores needed to produce sporulation on leaves were ≈25 ascospores per leaf and ≈700 conidia per leaf, at 16°C after 48 h leaf wetness duration.  相似文献   

月季切花乙烯受体ETR1 cDNA克隆及其序列分析^*   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘青林  白双义  欧阳青  屈浩  蔡文启 《园艺学报》2002,29(4):363-366

 根据乙烯受体基因ETR1 保守区设计引物, 分别以瓶插寿命差异显著的月季切花品种‘德克萨斯’和‘维亚蒂’为材料, 通过RT-PCR 从花瓣中扩增出了797 bp 的cDNA 片段, 它编码265 个氨基酸。测序和序列分析表明,‘德克萨斯’重组质粒中插入片段的核苷酸序列之间完全相同, 命名为pRT-ETR1。而‘维亚蒂’所获得的重组质粒中插入片段的核苷酸和氨基酸序列之间存在差异, 同源性分别为85. 2 %和92. 1 % , 分别命名为pRV-ETR1-V4 和pRV-ETR1-V5。pRV2 ETR12V5 的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与‘德克萨斯’pRT2 ETR1 的同源性均达99 %以上; pRV-ETR1-V4 中的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与‘德克萨斯’pRT-ETR1 的同源性分别为85. 0 %和92. 5 %。上述插入片段与桃、苹果、天竺葵、拟南芥等植物的ETR1相应区域高度同源, 其氨基酸同源性均大于90 %。  相似文献   

琯溪蜜柚光合特性的研究   总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30  

易干军  姜小文  霍合强  张秋明  周碧容 《园艺学报》2003,30(5):519-524

 利用Li-6400 光合作用仪对田间条件下7 年生琯溪蜜柚的光合特性进行了系统研究。结果表明: (1) 琯溪蜜柚外围叶片晴天的净光合速率(P_n) 日变化为双峰曲线, 首峰出现在8～10 时, 次峰值小于首峰值, 出现在14 时以后; 阴天呈单峰曲线; 内膛叶片P_n 日变化有双峰、单峰和锯齿形3 种类型。(2)观测期内P_n季节变化近似双峰曲线。(3) 不同月份和不同枝条叶片Pn 对光和CO₂ 响应有较大差别, 光补偿点和饱和点分别为16～46 和1 026～1 656μmol·m^-2·s^-1 , 表观量子效率0.01725～0.05431 ; CO₂ 补偿点和饱和点分别为51～80 和822～926μmol·mol ^-1 , 羧化效率0.01769～0.05191 ;P_n对CO₂ 的响应进程近似双曲线。(4) P_n与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光照强度正相关, 与胞间CO₂ 浓度负相关, 与温度、湿度和叶面水气压亏缺的相关性比较复杂。(5) P_n 与叶片的叶绿素含量和比叶重之间没有明显相关性。(6) 光合适温为24～34 ℃。  相似文献   

Effects of combinations amongst genes Lr13, Lr34 and Lr37 on components of resistance in wheat to leaf rust   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F. J. KLOPPERS  & Z. A. PRETORIUS 《Plant pathology》1997,46(5):737-750

  相似文献   

Variability amongst strains of Fusarium poae assessed by vegetative compatibility and RAPD polymorphism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z. KERÉNYI  É. TÁBORHEGYI  A. POMÁZI  & L. HORNOK 《Plant pathology》1997,46(6):882-889

Vegetative compatibility tests and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to assess genetic relationships amongst 54 strains of Fusarium poae obtained from various geographical regions. Twenty-seven strains were assigned to eight multiple member vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), while the other 27 isolates were found to form single-member VCGs. There was a partial correlation between VCG and geographical origin, but the relationship was not always clear. However, no correlation was observed between the VCG and the host plant of origin. RAPD patterns were closely associated with VCGs in all cases. Members of VCGs that were interconnected by bridging isolates formed common branches in the phenogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD patterns, while strains that belonged to single-member VCGs were scattered throughout the phenogram. These data demonstrate that the combination of traditional and molecular methodologies allows reliable intraspecific subdivisions in an asexual fungus, which is a secondary invader of a wide range of host plants, and so has never been subject to the intense selection pressure of a single host species and lacks pathogenic subgroups.  相似文献   

Biological control in Hungary: present situation and possibilities1     

E. DORMANNS-SIMON  C. BUD AI  Z. ILOVAI 《EPPO Bulletin》1997,27(1):49-52

Biological control has already achieved certain results in Hungary, especially against soil-borne fungi and glasshouse pests. Nevertheless, experience has shown that locally found biological agents, however effective, could not be developed into registered, ready-for-sale plant protection products because of the lack of companies willing to invest. Biological control in Hungary is therefore limited to the conservation of natural antagonistic flora and fauna and to the application of imported biopesticides and bioagents, which are subject in Hungary to a registration procedure similar to that for chemical plant protection products. Current work includes the development of an anti-nematode product from a local strain of Arthrobotrys oligospora, application techniques for a local mirid Dicyphus hyalinipennis against insect pests, studies with native and imported strains of the nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis against soil-borne insect pests, and introduction techniques for the chrysomelid Zygogramma sutularis against the weed Ambrosia elatior.  相似文献   

百合花发育相关MADS box基因的克隆   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张云  刘青林  欧阳青  蔡文启 《园艺学报》2004,31(3):332-336

 利用RT-PCR的方法，从百合中克隆得到了3个接近全长的花发育相关MADS box基因片段 LfMADS1-3。其中LfMADS1和LfMADS3以往未见报道，分别与多种作物的AG、SEP同源基因具有较高的同源性；LfMADS2与已发表的LMADS2对应区段的氨基酸同源性高达98.99%，推测可能是同一个基因。  相似文献   

两种不同类型的牛床对奶牛产科疾病影响的研究     

何德肆  胡述光  欧阳叙向  张明  黎辉 《中国草食动物》2004,24(5):34-35

研究比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛产科疾病的不同影响。结果显示：新建的两种牛床奶牛产科疾病的发病率.混凝土地面低于木地板，差异不显著.经过1年时间后.木地板地面牛床的发病率明显高于混凝土地面牛床，差异显著(P＜0.05)，发病率分别为38.24％、25.00%，患病淘汰头数明显增多。其中.胎衣不下、产后感染、乳房炎发病情况特别明显。两种地面差异极显著(P＜0.01)；每年高温季节.木地板高于混凝土地板.差异显著(P＜0.05)。对比结果证实.减少奶牛产科疾病.混凝土地面要优于木板地面。  相似文献